
About a year ago I got a foothold in watching through films from the handful of Oceania island nations that I hadn’t yet crossed off my Cinemap list. There were too many countries in the region to cross off all at once so I knew I was only going to be able to cross off one half of the remaining films in one go and leave the rest for another day… that other day has come. In part one of my oceania tour I looked at movies from Papua New Guinea, The Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Fiji, The Federated States of Micronesia, and Samoa. That leaves Kiribati, The Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Tonga, and Vanuatu left to cross off, many of which are even smaller and more remote than the locations from part one but I think I have a plan for how I’m going to tackle each of them. I don’t think there are any countries here like the Seychelles that will force me to “cheat” too much but I will be seeing some real obscure and hard to find (well, they would be hard to find without the internet) stuff with a couple of exceptions but I will actually be starting with one of the region’s more high profile films.
Vanuatu: Tanna (2015)
Vanuatu is a series of Melanesian islands situated Northeast of Australia (in fact it’s closer to Australia than New Zealand is) but Southeast of the Solomon Islands and North of the French overseas territory of New Caledonia. In their history they have the rather unusual distinction of having once been colonized by both Britain and France at the same time in some sort of elaborate co-oppressor agreement but despite being double colonized they seem to have preserved a lot of their culture, or rather cultures, more than a lot of places. That may in part be because they’re particularly diverse, with each of their islands having something of its own identity with slightly different tribal customs. Most relevant to the film at hand is Tanna Island, the archipelago’s third largest, which is notable for having an active volcano on it which has been turned into something of a tourist attraction. Like the wider country Tanna Island is a pretty diverse place with various factions including people who live a modern industrialized lifestyle but also people who have retained a more traditional indigenous lifestyle and those people are the subjects of the movie Tanna. In fact if you’re casually watching the early portions of the movie you might be inclined to think it’s set in the ancient past when it is in fact set in the year 1987.
Tanna is based on a real event that occurred when a pair of traditionalist tribes on Tanna Island were in conflict and as part of a peace process between them a marriage was arranged between the granddaughter of a village elder and someone from the other tribe, but the granddaughter in question has already begun a love affair with another villager and the two of them run off in a sort of “Romeo and Juliet” like story. The film was made by a pair of Australian directors named Bentley Dean and Martin Butler (the film would eventually be nominated for a Best International Film Oscar under the Australian banner) and both of those directors primarily work in the documentary space and Tanna has a distinct docudrama feel despite being scripted. The cast entirely consists of non-professional actors from local indigenous tribes and the film employs unflashy and often handheld digital photography for its visuals. As a basic feat of filmmaking I’m not sure this movie is particularly impressive technically or stylistically and it’s story is fairly simple, however, it’s hard to ignore the fact that this is trying to act as a fascinating window into a unique culture. You don’t necessarily get some sort of all-encompassing look at how these people live but you do get a neat little peak into it and also get an actual story to follow while doing it. It’s like if you picked up on Robert J. Flaherty’s style, brought it into the modern day, and did it more ethically. That’s pretty neat.
***1/2 out of Five
Palau: Islands on the Edge of Time (1996)
Palau is the westernmost Oceania country I’ll be looking at, in fact it’s not entirely clear to me why it counts as Oceania rather than Asia as there are actually further west than parts of Indonesia but they certainly seem to be more historically and culturally similar to the Pacific island nations that tend to make up Oceania. The nation is East of the Philippians, North of Eastern Indonesia, and North West of Papua New Guinea. The island initially fell under Spanish influence like its neighbor The Philippians, who briefly sold it to Germany, who then lost it to Japan during the First World War who proceeded to use it as a base for military invasions during the Second World War and once that conflict was over the island entered into a complicated relationship with the United States. That relationship began with them looking like an overseas territory like Guam for a while but in the late 70s they turned towards independence, which proved complicated (more on that in a second). Today Palau is still part of a “Compact of Free Association” with the United States alongside the Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands which involves financial assistance and easy immigration in exchange for a U.S. Military presence in the island via Navy and Air Force bases. This whole saga is of course at the center of the movie I selected to watch from the country.
Letterboxd only shows eight feature films from the nation of Palau, but one of those is actually a Korean TV show, one is a 3D documentary about coral reefs of which Palau’s is only small part of, and most the rest are shows I have no access to whatsoever. So the film I went with was this rather dry documentary that runs about an hour and has a decidedly “public television” feel to it. The film looks at post-war Palauan history from its declaration of independence through their fight to pass a constitution with preservationist characteristics that the U.S. did not approve of up to the (then) present and also includes some peaks into the contemporary lives of some locals. The film is clearly meant mostly for an audience of outsiders and is meant to be a rough primer of the island nation for people who’ve never heard of it. To the doc’s credit though it doesn’t much sugarcoat the extent of American quasi-colonialism going on in in the country and is pretty openly advocating for less interference. So the film’s heart and intellect is in the right place but it’s sure not doing much to liven up the material and make it more engaging for people who aren’t already particularly interested in this material and visually it really doesn’t have much going for it. It’s quite the “it is what it is” proposition and its audience is going to be fairly limited.
**1/2 out of Five
Kiribati: The Curse (2014)
I’ve always felt that the pacific island nation of Kiribati (which is pronounced like “Keer-eh-boss” despite the spelling) had a really cool flag. It’s a little wider than most flags and has a rising sun over some waves with a gold bird flying above it. The sunrise is partly a reference to the fact that the nation straddles the international date line making Kiribati the first nation to wake up every day. The country also notably straddles the equator meaning they’re the only nation that spans all four of the world’s hemispheres. That’s partly a function of the fact that Kiribati is a really widely spread country with its westernmost islands not being too far from Australia but its easternmost islands actually being around the same latitude as Hawaii. So if you drew a circle around Kiribati it would be a very large place but the vast majority of that would be ocean as there are only about 32 islands, most of which are tiny little atolls. In fact Kiribati is one of the Pacific island nations that’s been heavily endangered by rising sea levels due to climate change with some speculating that large swaths of the population may need to be relocated at some point in the future because of this. During colonialism Kiribati fell under the British sphere of influence and for many years were known as the “Gilbert Islands,” named after the sea captain Thomas Gilbert, who sailed with another captain named John Marshall who also got an island chain named after him. In fact the language spoken on the island is still known as “Gilbertese” and that is (I think) the language spoken in the film I’ve chosen to represent the nation.
Like a lot of tiny Oceanian countries there’s really not much of a film industry in Kirbati and Letterboxd only attributes three feature films to the country: a National Geographic documentary about Amelia Earhart, another documentary about an anthropologist who did some work in Kiribati but other work elsewhere, and the film I chose which is probably the most culturally relevant option but maybe not the most watchable option. The Curse is a film made by an American named Eric Larson, who has helpfully posted the entire film with English subtitles on his personal Youtube channel. According to the description on that video Larson made the film while stationed on Marakei Island during his time serving in the Peace Corps and that this was ostensibly a project he made on behalf of the Peace Corp to act as a sort of PSA about alcoholism. I’m not sure what filmmaking background Larson had before making this, if any, but this is plainly very much an amateur production. It was clearly filmed on consumer grade equipment by people with no real cinematography knowledge to speak of and who have no real ability to even capture natural light on screen. The cast is made up entirely of non-actors who are being directed by someone with no real ability to channel them towards giving authentic performances and the blunt script does them no favors. On top of all this the thing has the gall to run a full 112 minutes and it’s quite the chore to sit through. I’m usually pretty willing to give generous grades to movies in this series that have origins of the “just making any movie is an accomplishments” variety and some part of me feels bad giving a super low rating to something like this which is inoffensive outside of its incompetence, was plainly never meant to be a commercial product, and wasn’t something that any rational person should have felt obligated to sit through the entirety of but… at the end of the day I’ve got to call it like I see it and seeing this was not fun.
* out of Five
Nauru: Far End of the Sea (2026)
Nauru is another island nation located in the Pacific due northwest of the Solomon Islands and unlike a lot of the other island nations I’m looking at it isn’t an archipelago or collection of island, it’s just a single island. By size it’s the third smallest country in the world behind Monaco and the Vatican City and by population it’s the third smallest behind Tuvalu and the Vatican City. Despite that there was a time when the country had immense wealth because it was built on a giant amount of phosphate, which was strip-mined for most of the 20th Century, which worked well for them until the mine ran dry leaving them with little else to base their economy on and with most of the island interior completely devastated and at present almost everyone lives in the coastal areas and the place is filled with abandoned mining equipment littering the place. It’s a pretty clear case study in what happens when you ignore environmental concerns and rely entirely on mineral extraction. As you can probably guess there’s not much of a film industry in Nauru and when I was looking scoping out options to watch from the country I had kind of assumed this would be another situation where I’d be watching some obscure documentary that barely counts as a movie but then conveniently a professionally made Nauruan feature film made just this year showed up on Letterboxd to serve as a representative of the country.
Far End of the Sea is a 52 minute movie that appears to have been funded in large part by the Nauruan government. I’m not sure exactly what the motives behind its making was as it’s clearly not something that was meant to sell tickets, after all it’s been posted for free on Youtube. Maybe it’s meant to be some sort of stealth tourism advertisement or maybe it was made to play at a Nauruan history museum or something. The film was directed by Australian filmmaker Matthew Holmes and is set sometime around the 17th or 18th century and looks at a Scottish sailor who washes up on the shores of Nauru after a shipwreck and encounters a Native Nauruan who is something of an outcast within his own village and needs to decide whether to turn this guy over to his elders (for likely execution) or to protect him from a rival tribe and try to help him get off the island. This is, uh, not exactly the most hard hitting of stories about the encounter between indigenous people and European explorers, in fact I might go so far as to say it’s feel good sentimental fluff but as these things go this isn’t poorly made. Matthew Holmes is a professional who knows how to make a film and he’s been given a reasonably large budget and shoots the island pretty well. It maybe says something about how low my standards have become for some of these Cinemap entries that this is all it takes to impress me but, well, sure would have been nice if Kiribati or Palau had funded a glossy advertisement for themselves and as glossy advertisements go this is well done.
**1/2 out of Five
The Marshall Islands: The Sound of Crickets at Night (2012)
The Marshall Islands are a chain of islands located well to the Northwest of Australia and its nearby neighbors and to the East of the Federated States of Micronesia. The islands were initially discovered by the Spanish, would be named after a British captain who charted them, but it was actually Germany that would colonize them as a “protectorate” in the late 19th Century only to lose them to Japan during World War I, and it was that act of colonization that would lead them to be the site of several World War II battles and ultimately fall under American control. This would unfortunately be the backdrop for what they may be best known for at this point; their island Bikini Atoll being used as the test site for several nuclear weapons. That atoll (which the famous swim suits were named after in questionable fashion) did have a native population who were forcibly removed from their homeland and relocated to other Marshallese Islands with the ostensible promise that they could return some day but the tests proved more permanently toxic than originally anticipated and the place still isn’t really safe for long term settlement today. That’s a nasty bit of recent history to be sure and the legacy of this event is also notably one of the themes of the film I’ve chosen to look at from the country.
Letterboxd attributes nine feature length films to the Marshall Islands and five of them were directed by the duo of Jack Niedenthal and Suzanne Chutaro with a sixth directed by Niedenthal and two other people, most of these available for free on Youtube on their own Microwave Films channel. I’ve been burned by these regional “Youtube-caliber” amateur regional filmmakers before but I’ll say this one fell more on the “plucky go-getters” side of the super-indie spectrum and unlike some of the stuff I’ve watched from this series the people making this film had some experience under their belts that made this feel a bit more like a “real” movie despite having been made on a total shoestring. The film is about an old man who was originally from Bikini Atoll and was haunted by the fact that he couldn’t return and who’s had to send his daughter and one of his two granddaughters abroad and his hoping to save up enough money to reunite the family. This situation gets kind of upended when they take in an American who washed ashore with amnesia after falling off of a yacht, something the owners of said yacht are trying to cover up… and this guy may also be possessed by some kind of island spirit who’s looking to interfere in the affairs. So, we’ve got a real plotline here and this isn’t just some dry social realist drama and while this looks like it was shot on fairly inexpensive equipment and stars a bunch of non-actors Niedenthal/Chutaro do have some know-how about how to shoot and pace something like this and the dialogue here isn’t terrible. I don’t think the magical realist elements of this entirely come together and the movie ends on a bit of a whimper but I was mostly interested in it for the duration of its modest runtime. That probably sounds like it’s damning with faint praise but I actually am legitimately impressed with what they managed here compared to, say, that I-Kiribati movie I watched.
*** out of Five
Tonga: When the Man Went South (2014)
Most of the countries that I’ve been looking at for this second half of my Oceania journey have been countries of the Micronesian and Melanesian variety but I’m ending on a Polynesian country, which is pacific island region that gets the most attention through media like the Moana franchise. Specifically I’m looking at Tonga, an island nation located roughly North/Northwest of New Zealand roughly between Fiji and the Samoas. As an individual nation removed from wider Polynesia they possibly get more attention worldwide for the antics of a guy named Pita Taufatofua, who’s managed to make his way onto the Tongan Olympics team several times and has always arrived at the opening ceremony in dramatic fashion wearing and wearing traditional grass-shirt adjacent leg coverings. That guy seems cool. Beyond that Tonga seems like a fairly middle of the road Pacific Island nation with a lot of commonalities to other nearby nations like Fiji and Samoa, both of whom they had contact with during the pre-European contact days through the legendary Polynesian sailing prowess. Post contact with Europe they actually managed to avoid ever being formally colonized and have maintained a constitutional monarchy that goes back to the 19th Century, only entering into a “protected status” arrangement with the U.K. Overall seems like a bit of a feel good story compared to some of the countries I’ve encountered. Also, which I can’t say they have a big film industry there were more choices for me to choose from with them than there were for some other countries.
The film I’ve selected is called When the Man Went South, which is set in (mostly) pre-contact Tonga and looks at the conflict between varying factions on one of the islands. We see this through the eyes of a guy named Flying Fox who’s traveling the island for the first time and stumbles into a war between a western village and an eastern village who hate each other for petty reasons that are supposed to seem arbitrary and absurd to the viewer. This ties into a sort of satirical bent to the film, which I wouldn’t say I personally found terribly funny but which is certainly trying to take something of a lighter approach to history. Most amusingly one of these village is in the habit of calling members of the other village “Turtle Fuckers” while in turn inhabitants of that village get called “Parrot fuckers,” a pair of insults that raise anatomical questions. The film’s dialogue is in the native Tongan language but the film also has an omniscient English speaking narrator who comes in and out kind of inconsistently and the comical take on the conflict probably does more to remove tension than it does to really make interesting points or elicit actual laughter. So I’m not sure this is entirely successful on a storytelling level and I’d say its visuals are fairly pedestrian but there’s some nice scenery to be found and it’s cool to have a movie taking a look at an indigenous culture in a way that avoids “noble savage” tropes effectively and this is likely a worthwhile watch for anyone interested in indigenous cinema.
**1/2 out of Five
In Conclusion
And with that I’ve completed another continent and have seen a movie from every country in three of the six populated continents. This was of course the second jaunt I’ve made through this Oceania/Pacific region and between the two I’m struck by the fact that cinema in this region seems to be a bit more intrinsically in touch with pre-colonial traditions than the movies I’ve seen in some other places. Several of the movies I watched were set in pre-contact eras or very early in the era of contact and several were about people living more or less indigenous lifestyles even into the modern era. Even the films set more firmly in the world of the present are still about characters who are in various ways trying to keep in through with the tribal ways of yore despite living “modernized” western style life, often involving a sort of magical realism. That said, obviously there were some pretty janky low budget films I had to dig to find and even among the “real” movies I was able to find they often felt less like capital “C” Cinema and more like earnest nice tries. Overall it’s a cool region I hadn’t thought much about and it’s cool that some high profile members of the diaspora like Dwayne Johnson have drawn attention to the region as there’s clearly a lot of material to mine from it.
In the next cinemap we’ll return one last time to the continent of Africa to watch movies from the last six African countries that remain gray on my map.